A guide is a person who leads anyone through unknown or unmapped country. This includes a guide of the real world (such as someone who conducts travellers and tourists through a place of interest), as well as a person who leads someone to more abstract places (such as to knowledge or wisdom).

Guide - meanings related to travel and recreational pursuits

There are many variants of guides in this context, and guides are often employed in any aspect of travel or adventure, or wherever there is an advantage to the client in terms of knowledge provided in improving the overall travel experience or making the client feel more safe due to the presumed expertise of the guide. These days guides will normally possess an area and field-specific qualification usually issued and/or recognised by the appropriate Guide's Association or licensing authority. However this is not always the case, and it is advisable for travellers paying a premium to go on an organised tour or journey because they think this will mean they will have a better experience to check the guide's qualifications beforehand.Explorers in the past venturing into territory unknown by their own people invariably hired guides. American West explorers Lewis and Clark hired a Shoshone Indian woman Sacagawea, and Wilfred Thesiger hired guides in the deserts that he ventured into, such as Kuri on his journey to the Tibesti Mountains in 1938. Aside from knowing the way or the area geographically, modern guides are usually hired to act as interpreters for those travellers who do not speak the local language and provide cultural, historical or other information on the area visited. Travel companies organising tours of large groups often have a guide or tour leader accompany the group. They might also be trained in First Aid and have other skills that reduce the risk for the tour operator to conduct these tours or the travel agency selling them. Here are some examples of guide professions:

Tourist guide

Tourist Guides are representatives of the cities, regions and countries for which they are qualified. It depends largely on them if visitors feel welcome, want to stay longer or decide to come back. They therefore contribute considerably to the perception of the destination. Tourist Guides are able to help travellers understand the culture of the region visited and the way of life of its inhabitants. They have a particular role on the one hand to promote the cultural and natural heritage whilst on the other hand to help ensure its sustainability by making visitors aware of its importance and vulnerability. [EN 13809:2003]

Mountain guide

Mountain guides are those employed in mountaineering; these are not merely to show the way but stand in the position of professional climbers with an expert knowledge of rock and snowcraft, which they impart to the amateur, at the same time assuring the safety of the climbing party. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when Alpine climbing became recognized as a sport.

In Switzerland, the central committee of the Swiss Alpine Club issues a guides’ tariff which fixes the charges for guides and porters; there are three sections, for the Valais and Vaudois Alps, for the Bernese Oberland, and for central and eastern Switzerland.

In Chamonix (France) a statue has been raised to Jacques Balmat, who was the first to climb Mont Blanc in 1786. Other notable European guides are Auguste Balmat, Michel Cros, Maquignay, J. A. Carrel, who accompanied Edward Whymper to the Andes, the brothers Lauener, Christian Almer and Jakob and Melchior Anderegg.

Hunting guide

Guides employed by those seeking to hunt wildlife, especially big game animals in the wild. Hunting guides have been important in many areas of the world, including the American west, the Adirondacks, and Africa, etc. Hunting guides in Africa of European descent are commonly referred to as White hunter, although this is becoming a less fashionable term these days, as in most African countries today there are also native African "hunters" or hunting guides.

Safari guide

Guides employed on safari, usually for "photographic safaris", although the term can also refer to a "hunting guide" or Professional Hunter. Safari guides who are self-employed, working on their own account with their own marketing and clientele (in contrast with those who work for an employer) sometimes refer to themselves as "professional safari guides".

Guide - metaphysical meanings

Trip sitter

A psychedelic guide is someone who guides a drug user's experiences as opposed to a sitter who merely remains present, ready to discourage bad trips and handle emergencies but not otherwise getting involved. Guides are more common amongst spiritual users of entheogens. Psychedelic guides were strongly encouraged by Timothy Leary and the other authors of ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Guide Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead''. Trip sitters are also mentioned in the Responsible Drug User's Oath.

Guided meditation

Military guides and development of Guides Regiments

In European wars up to the time of the French Revolution, the absence of large-scale detailed maps made local guides almost essential to the direction of military operations. In the 18th century the stricter organization of military resources led in various countries to the special training of guide officers who had the primary duty of finding, and if necessary establishing, routes across country. In the history of the American west, Native Americans and mountain men were important in leading military units and settlers alike.

The genesis of the "Guides" regiments may be found in a short-lived Corps of Guides formed by Napoleon in Italy in 1796, which appears to have been a personal escort or body guard composed of men who knew the country. Following the unification of Italy in 1870-71, the new national army included a regiment designated as Guides - the 19th Cavalleggieri (Light Horse).

In the Belgian Army the two Guides regiments, created respectively in 1833 and 1874, constituted part of the light cavalry and came to correspond to the Guard cavalry of other nations. Until the outbreak of World War I, they wore a distinctive uniform comprising a plumed busby, green dolman braided in yellow, and crimson breeches. Mechanised in October 1937, both regiments form armoured battalions in the modern Belgian Army.

In the Swiss army prior to 1914 the squadrons of "Guides" acted as divisional cavalry. In this role these light cavalry units were called upon, on occasion, to lead columns.

The "Queen’s own Corps of Guides" of the British Indian Army consisted of a unique combination of infantry companies and cavalry squadrons. After World War I the infantry element was incorporated in the 12th Frontier Force Regiment and the Guides Cavalry formed a separate regiment - the 10th Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force).

In drill, a "guide" is an officer or non-commissioned officer who regulates the direction and pace of movements.

References

''Original text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica''.

Category:Personal care and service occupations

da:Guide lt:Gidas sv:Guide

Business Traveller is a CNN International monthly television program hosted by Richard Quest.

External links

CNN's Business Traveller Web site

Category:American travel television series Category:CNN shows Category:Business-related television series

ja:ビジネス・トラベラー

Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
name	Steve Crane
fullname	Steven John Crane
birth date	June 03, 1972
cityofbirth	Grays
countryofbirth	England
position	Striker
youthyears1	1988-1990
youthclubs1	Charlton Athletic
years1	1990-1991 | years2 1990 | years3 1991 | years4 1991-1992 | years5 1992-1993 | years6 1993-1994 | years7 1994-1995 | years8 1995 | years9 1995-1996 | years10 1996 | years11 1996 | years12 1996-1997 | years13 1997 | years14 1997-1998 | years15 1998- | years16 1999-??
clubs1	Charlton Athletic | clubs2 →Margate (loan) | clubs3 Margate | clubs4 Tusculum College | clubs5 Aveley | clubs6 Gillingham | clubs7 Hornchurch | clubs8 Chelmsford City | clubs9 Tilbury | clubs10 East Thurrock United | clubs11 Papatoetoe | clubs12 Torquay United | clubs13 Hastings Town | clubs14 Billericay Town | clubs15 Essex Police | clubs16 Great Wakering Rovers
caps1	0 | goals1 0 | caps2 6 | goals2 2 | caps3 8 | goals3 0 | caps4 ?? | goals4 99 | caps5 | goals5 | caps6 13 | goals6 1 | caps7 | goals7 | caps8 11 | goals8 1 | caps9 | goals9 | caps10 | goals10 | caps11 | goals11 | caps12 | goals12 | caps13 2 | goals13 0 | caps14 2 | goals14 ?| caps15 | goals15 | caps16 | goals16 }}

Steven John "Steve" Crane (born 3 June 1972 in Grays, Essex) is a former professional English footballer.

Crane started his professional career with Charlton Athletic in July 1990 as a trainee. In November 1990 he played for Margate on loan, but was recalled by Charlton only a month later. He did not qualify as a member of the Charlton first team and left them in February 1991 without having played in any game. He finally made his first professional appearances on the field when he rejoined Margate in 1991, playing with them for two pre-season games. He left shortly thereafter when he garnered a football scholarship to Tusculum College in the United States, where he studied foreign languages. While at Tusculum he had an impressive playing career, scoring 99 goals in just two season, He returned to the UK in December 1992 to join Aveley.

References

External links

Category:1972 births Category:People from Grays Category:English footballers Category:Charlton Athletic F.C. players Category:Margate F.C. players Category:Aveley F.C. players Category:Gillingham F.C. players Category:Chelmsford City F.C. players Category:Tilbury F.C. players Category:East Thurrock United F.C. players Category:Torquay United F.C. players Category:Hastings United F.C. players Category:Great Wakering Rovers F.C. players Category:The Football League players Category:Living people Category:Tusculum College alumni

Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
Name	Patrick Rafter
Country	Australia
Nickname	Skunky
Residence	Pembroke, Bermuda
Birth date	December 28, 1972
Birth place	Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
Height
Weight
Turnedpro	1991
Retired	2004
Plays	Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	US$11,127,058
tennishofyear	2006
tennishofid	patrick-rafter
Singlesrecord	358–191 (Grand Slam, ATP Tour level, and Davis Cup)
Singlestitles	11
Highestsinglesranking	No. 1 (26 July 1999)
Australianopenresult	SF (2001)
Frenchopenresult	SF (1997)
Wimbledonresult	F (2000, 2001)
Usopenresult	W (1997, 1998)
Doublesrecord	214–110 (Grand Slam, ATP Tour level, and Davis Cup)
Doublestitles	10
Highestdoublesranking	6 (1 February 1999)
Updated	25 March 2007 }}

Patrick "Pat" Michael Rafter (born 28 December 1972) is an Australian former World No. 1 tennis player. He twice won the men's singles title at the US Open and was twice the runner-up at Wimbledon. Rafter was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2006. He was known for his natural serve-and-volley style of play. He became the first man in the Open Era to win Toronto, Cincinnati and the US Open in the same year (1998).

Tennis career

1990s

Rafter turned professional in 1991 and won his first career singles title in 1994 in Manchester. Prior to 1997, this was the only ATP singles title he had won.

Rafter's breakthrough came in 1997. At that year's French Open he reached the semifinals, falling in four sets to Sergi Bruguera. Then he surprised many by winning the US Open, defeating Greg Rusedski in a four-set final and Andre Agassi and Michael Chang, among others, in earlier rounds; he was the first non-American to win the title since Stefan Edberg in 1992. This was his first Grand Slam title, and catapulted him ahead of Chang to finish the year ranked #2 in the world, behind only Pete Sampras. The unexpected nature of his U.S. Open title led many, including Hall-of-famer and four-time U.S. Open champion John McEnroe to criticise Rafter as a "one-slam wonder".

1998 was a particularly strong year for Rafter, winning two ATP Masters Series back-to-back singles titles in Toronto and Cincinnati. (Only Andre Agassi, in 1995, and Andy Roddick, in 2003, also have won both these tournaments in the same year.) Rafter defeated ninth ranked Richard Krajicek in the Toronto final and second ranked Pete Sampras in the Cincinnati final. When asked about the difference between himself and Rafter following the Cincinnati final, Sampras (at that time winner of 11 Grand Slam titles) stated "10 grand slams", and that a player has to come back and win a Grand Slam again in order to be considered great.

Following his title at Cincinnati, Rafter won a US Open warm-up tournament in Long Island, New York. Entering the US Open as the defending champion, he reached the final again, defeating Sampras in a five-set semifinal. Rafter pointedly took issue with Sampras' refusal to show him respect in defeat: "That is what really upsets me about him," Rafter said, "and the reason why I try to piss him off as much as I can."

Rafter then defended his U.S. Open title by defeating fellow Aussie player Mark Philippoussis in four sets, committing only five unforced errors throughout the match. When asked about Sampras' earlier comments about having to win another Grand Slam in order to be considered great, Rafter replied: "Maybe you can ask him that question, if he thinks that now. For me, I won another Slam, and it hasn't sunk in yet. It's very, very exciting for me, especially to repeat it". Altogether, Rafter won six tournaments in 1998, finishing the year #4 in the world.

Rafter reached the Wimbledon semifinals for the first time in 1999, where he lost in straight sets to Agassi, the first of three consecutive years that the two met in the Wimbledon semifinals. July 1999 saw Rafter holding the world No. 1 men's singles ranking for one week, making him the shortest-reigning world No. 1 in ATP tour history. As the two-time defending US Open champion, Rafter lost in the first round of the tournament, retiring in the fifth set against Cédric Pioline after succumbing to shoulder tendinitis. Rafter's shoulder injury wound up being serious enough to necessitate surgery. He won the Australian Open men's doubles title in 1999 (partnering Jonas Björkman), making him one of few players in the modern era to win both a singles and doubles Grand Slam title during their career (fellow countryman Lleyton Hewitt would later achieve this feat in 2001). He and Björkman also won doubles titles at the ATP Masters Series events in Canada (1999) and Indian Wells (1998).

2000s

His ranking had fallen to No. 21 by the time he reached the Wimbledon final in July 2000. In the semifinals, Rafter defeated Agassi 7–5, 4–6, 7–5, 4–6, 6–3. The match was hailed as a classic, particularly because of their contrasting playing styles, with Agassi playing primarily from the baseline and Rafter attacking the net. Rafter faced Sampras in the final, who was gunning for a record-breaking seventh Wimbledon title overall (and seven in the past eight years). While Rafter made a strong start to the match and took the first set, after the match he would claim that he had "choked" part way through the second set, and was then not able to get back into his game. Sampras won in four sets.

In 2001, Rafter reached the semifinals of the Australian Open, but despite holding a two sets to one lead and having the support of the home crowd, Rafter lost the match to Agassi in five sets. Later in the year, Rafter again reached the Wimbledon final. For the third straight year, he faced Agassi in the semifinals and won in yet another five-setter, 2–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 8–6. Much like the previous year's semifinal, this match also received praise for the quality of play that the two men displayed. In the final, he squared off against Goran Ivanišević, who had reached the Wimbledon final three times before but had slid down the rankings to World No. 125 following injury problems. In a five-set struggle that lasted just over three hours, Ivanišević prevailed.

Rafter was on the Australian Davis Cup Team that lost in the final in 2000 (to Spain) and 2001 (to France). Ironically, he was unable to play in the 1999 Davis Cup final – where Australia beat France to win the cup – because of injury (though he won important matches in the earlier rounds to help the team qualify).

Rafter was on the Australian teams that won the World Team Cup in 1999 and 2001.

He retired from the professional tour at the end of 2002 after winning a total of 11 singles titles and 10 doubles titles. He returns to the courts annually to play World Team Tennis for the Philadelphia Freedoms.

On Australia Day 2008, Pat Rafter was inducted into the Australian Open Hall of Fame.

ATP Champions Tour

At the 2009 AEGON Masters Tennis, Rafter lost his opening round robin match against the 1987 Wimbledon Champion Pat Cash 2–6, 6–2, 10–6. In a much anticipated match and reply of the 2001 Wimbledon final, Rafter faced Goran Ivanišević. Rafter won the match when Ivanisevic retired while serving for the opening set, 3–5. Despite his performance, the retirement was enough to push Rafter into the final against Stefan Edberg. In what is described as a spell-binding serve-and-volley showdown, Rafter won the match 6–7(5), 6–4, 11–9. This represented the first time that Rafter was able to defeat Edberg.

Personal life

Rafter was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, and is third-youngest in a family of nine children. He began playing tennis at the age of five with his father and three older brothers.

In April 2004, Rafter married his girlfriend Lara Feltham (with whom he had a son, Joshua) at a resort in Fiji. Their daughter, India, was born in May 2005.

In 2002, he won the Australian of the Year award. This created some controversy as he had spent much of his career residing in Bermuda for tax purposes.

Rafter donated half of the prize money from his 1997 and 1998 US Open wins to the Starlight Children's Foundation; he attempted to do so anonymously in 1997 but was unsuccessful. He has created his own charity organisation that raises funds for children's causes each year.

He has occasionally played reserve grade Australian rules in the Sydney AFL for the North Shore Bombers.

Since his retirement, Rafter has gone on to become an underwear model for Bonds, and in October 2010 was announced as the next Davis Cup captain for Australia.

Australian memorial

In honour of Patrick Rafter the 5,500 seat centre court of the Queensland Tennis Centre in Brisbane, Australia was named ''Pat Rafter Arena''.

Major finals

Grand Slam finals

Singles (4)

Doubles (1)

Masters Series finals

Singles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runner-ups)

Career finals (43)

Singles (25)

Wins (11)

{| width=53% | valign=top width=33% align=left |

Legend

Grand Slam (2)

Tennis Masters Cup (0)

ATP Masters Series (2)

ATP Championship Series (1)

ATP Tour (6)

| valign=top width=33% align=left |

Titles by Surface

Hard (7)

Grass (4)

Clay (0)

Carpet (0)

|}

Runner-ups (14)

Doubles (18)

Wins (10)

No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Partner	Opponents in Final	Score in Final
1.	23 May 1994		Clay		Vojtěch Flégl Andrew Florent	6–3, 6–3
2.	9 January 1995		Hard	Jim Courier	Byron Black Grant Connell	7–6, 6–4
3.	13 May 1996	U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, Pinehurst, U.S.	Clay	Pat Cash	Ken Flach David Wheaton	6–2, 6–3
4.	6 January 1997	Australian Hardcourt Championships, Adelaide, Australia	Hard	Bryan Shelton	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	6–4, 1–6, 6–3
5.	16 June 1997		Grass	Mark Philippoussis	Sandon Stolle Cyril Suk	6–2, 4–6, 7–5
6.	16 March 1998	Indian Wells Masters	Hard	[[Jonas Björkman	Todd Martin Richey Reneberg	6–4, 7–6
7.	3 August 1998		Hard	Sandon Stolle	Jeff Tarango Daniel Vacek	6–4, 6–4
8.	1 February 1999	Australian Open, Melbourne	Hard	Jonas Björkman	Mahesh Bhupathi Leander Paes	6–3, 4–6, 6–4, 6–7(10), 6–4
9.	14 June 1999		Grass	Jonas Björkman	Paul Haarhuis Jared Palmer	6–3, 7–5
10.	9 August 1999		Hard	Jonas Björkman	Byron Black Wayne Ferreira	7–6, 6–4

Runner-ups (8)

No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Partner	Opponents in Final	Score in Final
1.	18 April 1994		Hard	Jonas Björkman	Jim Grabb Brett Steven	walkover
2.	24 October 1994	Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon, Lyon, France	Carpet	Martin Damm	Jakob Hlasek Yevgeny Kafelnikov	6–7, 7–6, 7–6
3.	16 October 1995		Carpet	Guy Forget	Jonas Björkman Javier Frana	6–7, 6–4, 7–6
4.	22 April 1996		Clay	Pat Cash	Jan Apell Brent Haygarth	3–6, 6–1, 6–3
5.	17 March 1997	Indian Wells Masters	Hard	[[Mark Philippoussis	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	7–6, 4–6, 7–5
6.	21 April 1997	Japan Open Tennis Championships, Tokyo	Hard	Justin Gimelstob	Martin Damm Daniel Vacek	2–6, 6–2, 7–6
7.	11 August 1997		Hard	Mark Philippoussis	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	7–6, 4–6, 6–4
8.	18 June 2001		Grass	Max Mirnyi	Daniel Nestor Sandon Stolle	6–4, 6–7(5), 6–1

Performance timeline

Singles

! Tournament !! 1990 !! 1991 !! 1992 !! 1993 !! 1994 !! 1995 !! 1996 !! 1997 !! 1998 !! 1999 !! 2000 !! 2001 !! Career SR !! Career Win-Loss

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Grand Slam SR

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Masters Series SR

LQ = lost in qualifying draw

Doubles

! Tournament !! 1990 !! 1991 !! 1992 !! 1993 !! 1994 !! 1995 !! 1996 !! 1997 !! 1998 !! 1999 !! 2000 !! 2001 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2004 !! Career SR !! Career Win-Loss

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Grand Slam SR

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Masters Series SR

ATP Tour career earnings

{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="font-size: 95%; border: #aaa solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" ! Year !! Majors !! ATP wins !! Total wins !! Earnings ($) !! Money list rank |- |align="center"|1997 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="right"|2,923,519 |align="center" style="background:#F0DC82;"|3 |- |align="center"|1998 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|6 |align="right"|2,867,017 |align="center" style="background:#F0DC82;"|3 |- |align="center"|1999 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="right"|1,254,574 |align="center"|12 |- |align="center"|2000 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="right"|814,586 |align="center"|16 |- |align="center"|2001 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|1 |align="right"|1,670,592 |align="center" style="background:#F0DC82;"|7 |- !align="center"|Career !align="center"|2 !align="center"|9 !align="center"|11 !align="right"|11,127,058 !align="center"|21 |}

Video

''Wimbledon 2000 Semi-Final – Agassi vs. Rafter (2003)'' Starring: Andre Agassi, Patrick Rafter; Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 16 August 2005, Run Time: 213 minutes, ASIN: B000A343QY.

''Wimbledon 2001 Final: Rafter Vs Ivanisevic'' Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 30 October 2007, Run Time: 195 minutes, ASIN: B000V02CT6.

References

External links

2002 Australian of the Year

Pat Rafter Cherish the Children (Charity)

Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:Australian expatriates in Bermuda Category:Australian male tennis players Category:Australian of the Year Award winners Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions Category:Olympic tennis players of Australia Category:People from Mount Isa, Queensland Category:International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Category:Tennis people from Queensland Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:United States Open champions (tennis) Category:World No. 1 tennis players

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